It is used to treat bacterial infections such as conjunctivitis.It is also used in contrast media, often used in x-rays.Compounds of this element are used for the treatment of the thyroid and heart, as a dietary supplement.Its compounds have bacterial properties that help treat wounds and sterilize drinking water in its liquid or tablet form.
It is used in most products used to sterilize the human body.In small amounts, it is essential for plant and animal life. 1.3 Effects of iodine use on the environment The uses of iodine.1.2 Video: Uses and Health Benefits of Iodine.At room temperature and normal pressure conditions, the density of iodine is found to be 4.98 grams per cubic centimeter. Liquid dark brown iodine completely changes into a violet coloured gas once the temperature reaches 184 ☌, the boiling point of iodine. Except for astatine, solid iodine has a relatively higher melting point of 113.7 ☌ (386.85 K) in the halogen family, and it turns into a dark brown liquid, which is often disguised by a dense violet vapour of gaseous iodine, at this temperature. It has a moderate vapour pressure at room temperature, and in an open vessel, it slowly sublimes to a deep violet vapor that can be irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Iodine is a member of the halogen family with atomic no. Though iodine is the least reactive element in the halogen family, it is still one of the most reactive elements among the other elements of the periodic table. It is the heaviest stable halogen element that is a purplish-black solid and has a glittering crystalline appearance under standard temperature and pressure conditions. Iodine is a nonmetallic element of the seventeenth group of the periodic table of elements. plays an important role in nuclear physics and chemistry. When the iodine distills over, it is collected. The liquid is then gently warmed with manganese dioxide in small quantities being added from time to time. After that, sulphuric acid is added to remove any remaining impurities. The kelp is then lixiviated with water to extract the soluble salts, such as alkaline chlorides, sulfates, and carbonates, by the process of crystallization. Seaweed kilns are trenches dug in the ground, between 5 and 10 m long, completely lined with flat stones and fixed together with clay. The seaweeds are dried on dunes and burned in pits or kilns to produce ash called kelp. Many of the earliest methods for the economical extraction of iodine was majorly based on seaweed as the source. On 29 November 1813, Desormes and Clément made Courtois’ discovery public, and Gay-Lusac gave the name “iode” in reference to a Greek word for violet colour. He also gave a few units to Joseph Louis Gay-Lusac for the research. Therefore, Courtois gave the specimen to his university mates Charles Bernard Desormes and Nicolas Clement. He suspected that it was a new element but lacked the funding to pursue his research on it. Courtois noticed that the new substance did not readily form compounds with oxygen and carbon, it was not decomposed at red heat, and it was combined with hydrogen and phosphorus. To his astonishment, violet-coloured vapours started evolving from the liquid that, on condensation, formed a black-purple coloured crystal. Courtois accidentally added the sulphuric acid in excess. Bernard Courtois used sulphuric acid to get rid of these sulfur compounds. As the evaporation continues, the liquid is left with sodium iodide and potassium iodide along with several other chemicals including sulfur compounds. This liquid then goes under the process of leaching to produce sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. The process involved burning the seaweed and then extracting its ash with water to obtain a mother liquid, which contained chlorides, bromides, iodides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The nitre was produced from the seaweed that was found along the coast of Normandy and Brittany. Bernard Courtois joined the family business and started working with his father. J B Courtis was in the business of manufacturing nitre (Pottasium nitrate, KNO3) for gunpowder during the French Revolution. The brilliant purple coloured vapours of iodine were first observed in 1811 by a French chemist Bernard Courtois, son of Jean-Baptist Courtois. Translation: Bernard Courtois The Discoverer of Iodine
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